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In Amazonian Brazil the etiological agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) belong to at least seven  Leishmania  species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. In 2002–2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the “Floresta Nacional do Tapajós”, Belterra municipality, in the lower Amazon region, western Pará State, Brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite,  L.  ( V .)  guyanensis × L.  ( V. )  shawi shawi . Sand flies were collected from Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, Shannon traps and by aspiration on tree bases. Females were dissected and attempts to isolate any flagellate infections were made by inoculating homogenized midguts into Difco B 45  medium. Isolates were characterized by monoclonal antibodies and isoenzyme electrophoresis. A total of 9,704 sand flies, belonging to 68 species or subspecies, were collected. Infections were found in the following sand flies:  L.  ( V. )  naiffi  with  Psychodopygus hirsutus hirsutus  (1) and  Ps. davisi  (2); and  L.  ( V. )  shawi shawi  with  Nyssomyia whitmani  (3) and  Lutzomyia gomezi  (1). These results provide strong evidence of new putative transmission cycles for  L.  ( V. )  naiffi  and  L.  ( V. )  s. shawi.

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Natural<i>Leishmania</i>(<i>Viannia</i>) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

NaturalLeishmania(Viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Brazilian Amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis