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A premature female  Dirofilaria  species, subsequently identified as  Dirofilaria repens  by its morphological features and mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA ( 12S rRNA ) gene sequence, was removed from a subcutaneous nodule of the right temporal region of the head in a Japanese woman 2 years after she noticed swelling of her left calf following an insect sting during a tour to Europe; headache symptoms were noticed a few months later. The sequences of the mitochondrial  12S rRNA  and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes from the organism were almost identical to those of sequences AM779772 (100% homology, 337/337) and AM749233 (99.8% homology, 536/537) of  D. repens  isolated from humans in Italy. However, the phylogenetic position of the  18S rRNA -internal transcribed spacer 1-5.8S rRNA region was in the same cluster as that of sequence JX290195 of  Dirofilaria  sp. “ hongkongensis ” (96.7% homology, 348/360), which was recently reported from Hong Kong as a novel  Dirofilaria  species. Information on regional genetic variation in  D. repens  isolated from animals and humans remains scarce. We report the detailed genetic features of this filaria as a reference isolate from a specific endemic area, to enrich the genetic database of  D. repens .

Molecular analysis ofDirofilaria repensremoved from a subcutaneous nodule in a Japanese woman after a tour to Europe