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The biological activities of essential oils from three plants grown in Cameroon:  Ocimum basilicum ,  Ocimum canum , and  Cymbopogon citratus  were tested against  Plasmodium falciparum  and mature-stage larvae of  Anopheles funestus.  Gas chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main compounds are geranial, 1,8-cineole and linalool in  C. citratus ,  O. canum  and  O. basilicum , respectively. Larvicidal tests carried out according to the protocol recommended by the World Health Organization showed that the essential oil of leaves of  C. citratus  is the most active against larvae of  An. funestus  (LC 50  values = 35.5 ppm and 34.6 ppm, respectively, for larval stages III and IV after 6 h of exposure). Besides, the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity evaluated by the radioisotopic method showed that the  C. citratus  oil is the most active against  P. falciparum , with an IC 50  value of 4.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL compared with  O. canum  (20.6 ± 3.4 μg/mL) and  O. basilicum  (21 ± 4.6 μg/mL). These essential oils can be recommended for the development of natural biocides for fighting the larvae of malaria vectors and for the isolation of natural products with anti-malarial activity.

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Activity ofOcimum basilicum,Ocimum canum, andCymbopogon citratusessential oils againstPlasmodium falciparumand mature-stage larvae ofAnopheles funestuss.s.