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In this study, the prevalence of piroplasms in sheep and goats was assessed with Giemsa-stained blood smear examination, PCR and nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to identify  Babesia  and  Theileria  species, respectively, in 338 small ruminants (172 sheep and 166 goats) from three sites in North-West Tunisia during the 2011 summer season. The overall infection prevalence of piroplasms in Giemsa-stained blood smears was 3.2% (11/338), with a parasitaemia ranging from 0.01 to 0.05%. PCR detected two species, namely  Babesia ovis  (in sheep and goats) and  Theileria ovis  (in sheep), with an overall prevalence of 16.3%. The molecular prevalence of  B. ovis  was significantly higher in sheep than in goats (17.4% and 9%, respectively,  p  = 0.034). The same trend was observed for  T. ovis  in sheep and goats (5.8% and 0%, respectively,  p  = 0.004). Comparison of the partial sequences of the 18S ssu rRNA gene revealed 100% similarity amongst  Babesia  from sheep and goats. The single  Theileria  sequence in this study showed 100% similarity to  T. ovis . A high similarity with all the blasted genotypes was reported for  Theileria  and  Babesia  sequences. This is the first molecular detection of  B. ovis  and genetic characterisation of small ruminants’ piroplasms in Africa.

Prevalence of piroplasms in small ruminants in North-West Tunisia and the first genetic characterisation ofBabesia ovisin Africa