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The last few decades have seen huge advances in our understanding of plant biology and inthe development of new technologies for the manipulation of crop plants. The applicationof relatively straightforward breeding and selection methods made possible the “GreenRevolution” of the 1960s and 1970s that effectively doubled or trebled cereal productionin much of the world and averted mass famine in Asia. During the 2000s, much attention hasbeen focused on genomic approaches to plant breeding with the deployment of a newgeneration of technologies, such as marker-assisted selection, next-generation sequencing,transgenesis (genetic engineering or GM) and automatic mutagenesis/selection (TILLING,TargetIng Local Lesions IN Genomes). These methods are now being applied to a wide rangeof crops and have particularly good potential for oil crop improvement in terms of bothoverall food and non-food yield and nutritional and technical quality of the oils. Keytargets include increasing overall oil yield and stability on a per seed or per fruitbasis and very high oleic acid content in seed and fruit oils for both premium edible andoleochemical applications. Other more specialised targets include oils enriched innutritionally desirable “fish oil”-like fatty acids, especially very long chain!-3 acids such aseicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or increased levels of lipidicvitamins such as carotenoids, tocopherols and tocotrienes. Progress in producing such oilsin commercial crops has been good in recent years with several varieties being released orat advanced stages of development

Using modern plant breeding to improve the nutritional and technological qualities of oil crops