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Previous calculations of inner shell cross sections used in quantitative microanalysis have neglected transitions to discrete states that appear in spectra as white lines. White line are especially prominent in L23 edges from 1st and 2nd row transition elements and M45 edges in rare earth elements. These discrete features can make a substantial contribution to the integrated cross section, especially for small energy windows less than 50 eV In this paper we present results for 2p-3d transitions for 1st and 2nd row transition elements and 3d-4f transitions for rare earth elements, using Dirac Slater wave functions. The effects of different ionisation states are examined and the results compared to experiment. Microsc. MicroanaL Microstruct.

The contribution of discrete transitions to integrated inner shell ionisation cross sections