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Droplets impacting and penetration into porous media is commonly seen in natural and engineering processes, in which the kinetics and capillary effect are of great importance to the lateral spreading and vertical penetration. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical simulation method was proposed to study the micro-meter droplet impact and penetration into the porous media. It is found that both the lateral spread and vertical penetration occur on the millisecond timescale and larger velocity will enhance the lateral spreading but have little influence on the penetration time and depth. The direct numerical method proposed in this study can be applied to predict the actual spreading and penetration status in the droplet-powder system and further insight into the droplet-powder interaction.

Three-dimensional numerical investigation on micro-meter droplet impact and penetration into the porous media with different velocities