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Backlash is a need for proper gear mesh but also a defect if not controlled closely. Few studies have focused on controlling backlash with some mechanical solutions that can be applied. Few other studies have shown interest in estimation of minimum / maximum variable backlash. The operating backlash of meshing gears is affected by many factors among which runouts, pitch errors and tooth thicknesses are the three most pronounced manufacturing errors. All these three parameters are the measurable ones once the gears are manufactured. Center distance and phasing of meshing gears are the examples of assembly errors which may affect the operating backlash. A software has been developed to predict likely maximum and minimum backlash of a gear pair selected arbitrarily and assembled together. For the validation of software predictions an experimental setup is needed for backlash measurements. Thus, a special test rig is designed and constructed for experimental measurements of the operating backlash under some manufacturing and assembly errors of a gear pair. Good agreements have been achieved between backlash predictions and measurements thus validating the in-house prepared software for backlash calculations.

A study on prediction & validation of meshing gear pair backlash under various manufacturing and assembly errors