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The biological availability of thiamine (relative to pure thiamine) in cow milk and curd prepared with mixed starter cultures consisting of Lectococcus lactis subsp lactis and cremoris and Propionibacterium shermanii was assessed using thiamine-depleted young rats. The cow milk and curd samples were freeze-dried. Repletion test diets provided 15 ~g thiamine/d from pasteurized cow milk, curd or pure thiamine for 21 d. Body weight gain, urinary thiamine excretion, hepatic thiamine content, erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activities with and without added thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and TPP effect were determined as the response criteria for this purpose. Twenty-five-d thiamine depletion resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in body weight gain, decreased thiamine excretion, hepatic thiamine level, ETK activity and increased TPP effect in erythrocyte in comparison to rats receiving standard diet. Repletion with thiamine from different sources brought about a significant (P < 0.01) increase in body weight gain, urinary thiamine excretion, hepatic thiamine and ETK activity. TPP effect for erythrocytes declined significantly (P < 0.01). Restoration was more significant (P < 0.01) in the group receiving curd (CG) than that in the group receiving milk (MG), while it was higher in the MG group than the pure thiamine receiving group (PTG). It was concluded that biological availability of thiamine was greater from curd and milk than from pure thiamine.

Bioavailability of thiamine in cow milk and curd powders using rat bioassay