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The introduction of exotic fish species in the river Tiber basin has probably caused aserious alteration of original faunal composition. The purpose of this research was toassess the changes occurred over time in the state of the fish communities with particularreference to the reduction of local communities of endemic species. The study areacomprised 68 watercourses of the Umbrian portion of the River Tiber basin; the analyseswere carried out using the data of the Regional Fish Map of 1st and 2nd level and the 1stupdate, respectively collected during the periods between the 1990–1996, 2000–2006 and2007–2014, in 125 sampling stations. The results show a progressive alteration of the fishcommunities’ structure, as confirmed by the appearance in recent times of new alienspecies. A total of 40 species was found, only 14 native. The qualitative change of thefish communities appear to be closely related to the longitudinal gradient of the river.The results shows that particularly in the downstream reaches, the combined action ofpollution and introduction of exotic species resulted in a gradual decrease in theindigenous component of fish communities. The information collected are the indispensablepremise for taking the necessary strategies for conservation of endangered species

Fish community of the river Tiber basin (Umbria-Italy): temporal changes and possible threats to native biodiversity