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The use of river-types is of practical value, serving as groups for whichassessment procedures can be developed and applied. An abiotic typologywas set by the Portuguese Water Agency, mainly based on 6 majormorphoclimatic regions. However, to be biologically meaningful, this typologyshould fit the distribution patterns of the biological quality elementscommunities proposed in Water Framework Directive under the lowestpossible human pressure. This study aimed to identify and characterizefish-based geographical groups for continental Portugal and their environmentaland geographical discriptors, using taxonomic and functionaltraits. Sampling took place between 2004 and 2006 during Spring. Fishfauna from 155 reference sites was analysed using a multivariateapproach. Cluster Analysis on fish composition identified 10 fish-groups,expressing a clear correspondence to the river basin level, due to therestrict basin distribution of many species. Groups showed a wider aggregationin 4 regions with a larger geographical correspondence, statisticallysupported by Similarity Analysis, both on fish composition and mostly onfish metrics/guilds. Principal Components Analysis revealed major environmentaldrivers associated to fish-groups and fish-regions. Fish-groupswere hierarchically grouped over major and local regions, expressing alarge-scale response to a North-South environmental gradient defined bytemperature, precipitation, mineralization and altitude, and a regional scaleresponse mainly to drainage area and flow discharge. From North toSouth, fish-regions were related to the morphoclimatic regions. Resultscontributed to reduce redundance in abiotic river-types and set the finaltypology for Portuguese rivers, constituting a fundamental tool for planningand managing water resources

Fish-based groups for ecological assessment in rivers: the importance of environmental drivers on taxonomic and functional traits of fish assemblages