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Water development accompanying mankind development has turned rivers into endangeredecosystems. Improving the understanding of ecological responses to river managementactions is a key issue for assuring sustainable water management. However, few studieshave been published where ecological metrics have been quantified in response to variousdegrees of flow alteration. In this work, changes in natural distribution of trees andshrubs within the riparian corridor (as indicator of the ecological status of the fluvialecosystem) were quantified at multiple sites along a flow alteration gradient (asindicator of impact) along two regulated river reaches, one Boreal and the otherMediterranean, each downstream of a dam. Based on the obtained relationships we evaluateddifferences in response trends related to local physico-climatic factors of the two biomesand regarding to differing life-forms. Woody vegetation establishment patterns representedobjective indicators of ecological responses to flow alteration. We found differentresponses between life-forms. Both trees and shrubs migrated downwards to the channelafter dam closure, but shrubs were most impacted under higher degrees of flow alterationin terms of lateral movement. In addition, our results show clear longitudinal recoverytrends of natural patterns of tree and shrub distribution corresponding to a decrease inintensity of hydrologic alteration in the Boreal river. However, vegetation encroachmentpersisted along the entire Mediterranean study reach. This may result from a relativelylow gradient of decrease of hydrologic alteration with distance from the dam, coupled withother overlapping pressures and the mediating effect of physico-climatic characteristicson vegetation responses

Riparian woodland encroachment following flow regulation: a comparative study of Mediterranean and Boreal streams