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Habitat use of Austropotamobius torrentium was studied in two small brook systemswinding through woods and open grassland and in Lake Constance at the outflow of theriver Rhine. Flow velocities in the brooks ranged from less than 1 cm/s to 66 cm/s andresulted in average flow discharges between 1.8 l/s and 27.4 l/s. Flow velocities in theRhine were between 30 and 62 cm/s. All 5 sites inhabited by crayfish had a slightly basicpH, high Ca2+-concentrations and a Saprobial index of about 2 indicating moderate pollution.Two brook stretches were not occupied by crayfish. In one case an eutrophic lake influencedthe downstream brook stretch causing an increase in the Saprobial index to 2.5. Furtherdownstream a pipe inhibited the upstream-invasion of crayfish. The second stretch was anartificial and monotonous channel with high flow velocities.Food selection experiments with submersed flora and fauna collected in the habitatshowed that the stone crayfish fed on macroinvertebrates as well as on small fish,submersed macrophytes and dead leaves. At low temperatures (7°C) their food wasdominated by plants while at higher temperatures (14°C) they consumed moremacroinvertebrates than plants. It is concluded that stone crayfish inhabit a variety ofrunning waters and that a main threat to this species is channelling and obstructions offlow ways

Habitat use of the crayfish Austropotamobius torrentium in small brooks and in Lake Constance, Southern Germany