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On the basis of a literature review and new studies in Brandenburg, northeastGermany, the status and the genetic structure of the noble crayfish Astacus astacus (L.)in Germany are described. The present situation is characterized by a patchy distributioncomprising at least 719 stocks, documented after 1990. Stocks are rnainly confined to theuppermost stretches of small streams or to small lakes without connection to other surfacewaters. As is typical of Europe, geographical isolation, inbreeding and genetic drift mayplay an important role in the population structure of the noble crayfish in Germany.By means of RAPD-PCR, stocks in Brandenburg (Br1, Br2 and Br3),Schleswig-Holstein (SH) and Bavaria (B1 and B2) were analysed for their geneticstructure. RAPD markers show high ability to separate significantly all investigated stocksas single populations. Mean non-dimensional distances were 5.8, 5.6 and 4.2 for SH-B,SH-Br and B-Br between-region cornparisons, respectively. Values for within-regioncomparisons were 3.1 and 1.3 for B-B and Br-Br, respectively. However, even the threedifferent lakes located in Brandenburg, which are only about 20 km apart from each other,contained significantly distinguishable populations.So far it is not possible to judge whether the distinct populations result frorn isolationof stocks or indicate local adaptations to the specific environmental conditions. The answerto this question is important with respect to conservational management and the design ofrestocking programmes. A decision tree for the inventory and monitoring of noble crayfishstocks is suggested, since some areas in the northeast of Germany rnay still contain rnanyunknown stocks, which are of considerable importance for conservation

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Status of the noble crayfish Astacus astacus (L.) in Germany : monitoring protocol and the use of RAPD markers to assess the genetic structure of populations