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Composition dependence of martensitic transformation and magnetic transformation has been studied on Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. A good correlation was found between the transformation temperatures and valence electron density (e/a). Martensitic transformation temperature increases rapidly with e/a, while the Curie temperature exhibits only a mild dependence. Crystal structure of martensite also changes with e/a. At a lower e/a (near the stoichiometric Heusler composition) the martensite was bet with the modulation of five layers period of {110}L2I planes; at a higher e/a, it was fct without the modulation. Transformations from the parent phase to an intermediate phase and then to martensite phase were observed in situ using a cold stage for Ni-23.0Mn-25.6Ga. The sample exhibits so-called "tweed" structures in the parent phase. The tweed contrast becomes more pronounced as the temperature approaches Ms. This is accompanied by increasing intensity of diffuse streaks along directions. At 230 K the satellite spots appeared at l/6 positions, corresponding to the intermediate phase. On further cooling martensite plate formed and the structure changed continuously to the modulated bet.

Phase transformation and microstructures in Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys