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The design and construction of both long and deep tunnels and urban tunnels are frequently associated with many risks due to poor geological information, inappropriate selection of the construction methods and potential accidents during construction. The implementation of a Risk Management Plan, RMP, can be very effective to manage such risks. The aim of a RMP is to identify the potential hazards, quantify the relative risks, and implement systematically adequate preventive measures to mitigate and/or control the identified risks, indicating if any residual risk could be shared among the shakeholders of the Project. The DAT (Decision Aids in Tunnelling) system is a computer-simulation program developed to support the decision-making process for tunnelling projects and can be used as part of the risk analysis process. DAT simulates, in a probabilistic way, the process of underground constructions. The results of DAT simulations can show the effects of uncertainties due to geology, construction method, etc., in terms of the overall construction time and costs for different design-and-construction options considered for a given project. Following a general discussion on the process of developping a RMP, two case-histories are presented to illustrate the application of the concepts of the RMP:1) the base tunnel Maurienne-Ambin that is part of the new railway Lyon-Turin link and 2) the tunnels of the Lines C and S of the Porto Light Metro in Portugal. The results have shown that the process of risk management is an effective engineering tool that can be applied for developping large underground infrastructure projects, increasing greatly the possibility of achieving the project goals especially with regards to time, coasts and safety.

La maîtrise des risques : une approche indispensable dans le développement des études de tunnels en terrains diificiles