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‐ The aim of the present work was to provide a synopsis of the scientific literature concerning the effects of different tree spe- cies on soil and to quantify the effect of common,European temperate forest species on soil fertility. The scientific literature dealing with the tree species effect on soil has been reviewed. The composition of forest overstory has an impact on the chemical, physical and biolo- gical characteristics of soil. This impact was highest in the topsoil. Different tree species had significantly different effects on water ba- lance and microclimate. The physical characteristics of soils also were modified depending on the overstory species, probably through modifications of the soil fauna. The rates of organic matter mineralization and nitrification seem to be dependent on tree species. A coni- ferous species, Picea abies, had negative input-output budgets for some nutrients, such as Ca and Mg. This species promoted a higher soil acidification and a decrease in pH. Thus, it should not be planted in very poor soils in areas affected by acidic atmospheric deposi- tions. Nevertheless, the effect of the canopy species on soil fertility was rarely significant enough to promote forest decline. The impact of a tree species on soil fertility varied depending on the type of bedrock, climate and forest management. forest soils / tree species / fertility / sustainability / resiliency Résumé ‐ Effet des principales essences des forêts tempérées sur la fertilité des sols. L’objectif de cet article est de fournir une syn-

Impact of several common tree species of European temperate forests on soil fertility