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mdash; The winter buds of stump sprouts, epicormic shoots and grafts from adult pedunculate and sessile oak trees proved to be valuable sources of shoot tips. Established shoot-tip cultures exhibited long-term viability. Proliferation and vitality of new shoots was best from the base part of shoots if the callus tissue remained at the basal stem segment. Aged callus cells are involved in the process of xylogenesis which inhibits organogenesis. Root initiation depends upon optimum auxin supply but auxin causes side effects on shoot elongation and callus-cell proliferation. Shoot-tip necrosis was prevented if shoots with induced roots were subcultured on cytokinin-containing medium. The labor and expense of repeated subculture can be reduced by lowering growth temperature to 15, 10 or 4 °C. By using abscisic acid (0.1 10 μM) and applying polyethylene glycol (mol wt 4000) at concentrations of 4 and 8%, the inhibition of biomass accumulation will continue over 2 regular subculture periods on media without growth retarding substances.

Micropropagation and restricted-growth storage of adult oak genotypes