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The low-energy, non-perturbative regime of QCD can be studied directly by X-ray spectroscopy of light kaonic atoms. The SIDDHARTA-2 experiment, located at the DAΦNE collider, aims to measure the 2 p  → 1 s  transition in kaonic deuterium for the first time to extract the antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths. This measurement is impeded, inter alia, by the low K − d X-ray yield. Hence, several updates have been implemented on the apparatus to increase the signal-to-background ratio, which are discussed in detail in this paper: a lightweight gas target cell, novel Silicon Drift Detectors for the X-ray detection with excellent performance, and a veto system for active background suppression. The experiment has undergone a first preparatory run during DAΦNE’s commissioning phase in 2021, concluding with a successful kaonic helium measurement.

Main Features of the SIDDHARTA-2 Apparatus for Kaonic Deuterium X-Ray Measurements