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We present a summary of recent tests and measurements of hadronic interactionproperties with air showers. This report has a special focus on muon densitymeasurements. Several experiments reported deviations between simulated andrecorded muon densities in extensive air showers, while others reported nodiscrepancies. We combine data from eight leading air shower experiments tocover shower energies from PeV to tens of EeV. Data are combined using thez-scale, a unified reference scale based on simulated air showers.Energy-scales of experiments are cross-calibrated. Above 10 PeV, we find a muondeficit in simulated air showers for each of the six considered hadronicinteraction models. The deficit is increasing with shower energy. For themodels EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04, the slope is found significant at 8 sigma.

Report on Tests and Measurements of Hadronic Interaction Properties with Air Showers