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PBX solid high explosive exhibits brittle behaviour in uniaxial tension, quasi-brittle in uniaxial compression, and ductile when subject to high confining pressure. Tension cracking is the primary failure mode of PBX quasi-brittle solid, which is the main effect leading to overall failure of structural integrity. One characteristics of brittle or quasi-brittle solids, such as PBXs, is that when subject to overall compressive loading, the tensile cracks can still initiate inside the material due to existence of imperfection within the materials. In present study the extended finite element method is applied to analyze the cracking failure mechanism in the PBX 9502 platelike specimen with cavity subjected to overall compression. The nonlinear constitutive behaviours and failure of PBX under complex stress states were described by means of stress state dependent strength surface, non-associated flow rule and cohesive model the nonlinear behaviors of PBXs, including failure. Analysis indicates the tensile stress around the cavity arises in the specimen although loaded by overall compression, and this local tensile condition leads to cracking initiation. The comparison between simulation results and the experimental data published by LANL[Liu C, Thompson D G. Crack initiation and growth in PBX 9502 high explosive subject to compression. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2014, 81(10):212-213] shows that they are in agreement with each other on some aspects of crack behaviours, including overall development of crack history and inflexion, crack initiation moment, crack initial speed, etc.

Numerical Simulation of Crack Initiation and Growth in PBX High Explosive Subject to Compression