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A compact and modern equipment for fast neutron and γ-ray transmission (FNGT) technique has been developed. The FNGT is used to perform non-destructive analysis of samples and it makes use of R-ratio that is the ratio of absorption coefficients of fast neutrons and gamma-rays [1]. The FNGT technique has a very good resolving power to determine the average atomic number of compounds with low atomic number (Z<13). Crude oil lays in this range of values, therefore we suggest to employ the mentioned technique for monitoring sulfur content in oil-business. The on-line analysis of fluid provides knowledge of sulfur content that has positive effects on the refinery plant. Nowadays, the used technique requires 7-10 days of delay in getting the information due the offline chemical or nuclear analysis. The compact system makes use of a Cf-252 source, a single liquid scintillator detector EJ-301 with neutron/gamma discrimination capabilities and a modern nuclear electronics based on fast digitizers. The use of an optimized Pulse Shape Discrimination algorithm provides a good separation of gammas from neutrons; the method is an alternative to that obtainable by TOF-technique, widely used in the past, that requires almost 1 meter of time of flight and another detector for triggering the fission events. The compactness of this assembly ensures a higher counting efficiency, offering the advantage of a shorter acquisition time to get sufficiently high statistic. The fast neutron and gamma transmission technique was tested in laboratory for online sulfur concentration estimation in a sample of Venezuelan heavy oil. The range of sulfur concentration investigated is between 0.1% – 6.5% in weight. The experimental setup performance and limitations are compared with those predicted by a Monte Carlo model built in GEANT4 v10.01. In particular, we studied with Monte Carlo simulations the radiation buildup effect on the R-values and on the overall sensitivity of the technique. In fact, in the used experimental set-up, the Cf-252 source was not collimated in a “narrow beam”, leaving to the detector the possibility to respond either to neutrons and γ-rays directly from the source or from scattered radiation. The results show that this technique for on-line characterization of the crude oil copes well with the industrial requirements in terms of precision and response time, representing then an interesting alternative to the standard procedures.

A compact equipment for the sulfur content estimation in heavy oil using neutrons and gamma-rays