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Gyrotrons are used as RF sources for ECH systems in nuclear fusion experiments. To obtain sufficient energy-gain factor, the future DEMOnstration fusion power plant demands highly efficient gyrotrons. The interaction between electron beam and microwave in a fusion gyrotron may have in the optimal case approximately 35 % efficiency (ηint). A large fraction of the input energy still remains in the spent electron beam. Up to ηcol ≈ 60 % of the spent beam energy can be recovered by a Single-stage Depressed Collector (SDC), which leads to an overall gyrotron efficiency of about 50 % according to

Comparison between controlled non-adiabatic and E×B concepts for gyrotron multistage depressed collectors