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Transient effects in the creep of polycrystalline ice could play a crucial role  for several ice ows (e.g. interaction between Antarctic ice shelves and ocean  tides) and also have a major impact concerning deformation mechanisms of ice.  During creep deformation of polycrystalline ice, strong stress and strain-rate  intragranular heterogeneities are expected. These heterogeneities come from the  very large viscoplastic anisotropy of ice crystals (with essentially a single  easy plane for the dislocations to glide) which is responsible for the strong  mechanical interaction between adjacent grains [1]. In order to go one step  further in the quantitative understanding of this process, and to characterize  the development of strain heterogeneities at a microscopic (intragranular)  scale, we have performed deformation tests on 2-D polycrystalline ice exhibiting  columnar grains with controlled grain size. Specimens were submitted to creep  test and transient effects, in which both elastic and viscoplastic responses  come in play, are investigated. A Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique,  with spatial resolution far smaller than the mean grain size, has been set to  get continuous record of the intragranular displacement eld during the test  [2]. Experimental parameters have been optimized to improve the precision of the  DIC results. In parallel, specimen microstructures were analyzed with an  automatic ice texture analyzer, before and after deformation, and post-mortem  measurements of local misorientations at the intragranular scale were performed.  For the rst time in ice, this work presents a direct link between grain  orientation, strain localization, and lattice distortion at the intragranular  scale

Intragranular strain ﬁeld in columnar ice during transient creep regime and relation with the local microstucture