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SAR Polarimetry represents an active area of research in Active Earth Remote  Sensing. This interest is clearly supported by the fact that nowadays there  exists, or there will exist in a very next future, a non negligible quantity of  launched Polarimetric SAR Spaceborne sensors. The ENVISAT satellite, developed  by ESA, was launched on March 2002, and was the first Spaceborne sensor offering  an innovative dualpolarization Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) system  operating at C-band. The second Polarimetric Spaceborne sensor is ALOS, a  Japanese Earth-Observation satellite, developed by JAXA and was launched in  January 2006. This mission includes an active L-band polarimetric radar sensor  (PALSAR) whose highresolution data may be used for environmental and hazard  monitoring. The third Polarimetric Spaceborne sensor is TerraSAR-X, a new German  radar satellite, developed by DLR, EADS-Astrium and Infoterra GmbH, was launched  on June 2007. This sensor carries a dual-polarimetric and high frequency X-Band  SAR sensor that can be operated in different modes and offers features that were  not available from space before. At least, the Polarimetric Spaceborne sensor,  developed by CSA and MDA, and named RADARSAT-2 was launched in December 2007 The  Radarsat program was born out the need for effective monitoring of Canada’s icy  waters, and some Radarsat-2 capabilities that benefit sea- and river ice  applications are the multi-polarization options that will improve ice-edge  detection, ice-type discrimination and structure information. The many advances  in these different Polarimetric Spaceborne platforms were developed to respond  to specific needs for radar data in environmental monitoring applications around  the world, like : sea- and river-ice monitoring, marine surveillance, disaster  management, oil spill detection, snow monitoring, hydrology, mapping, geology,  agriculture, soil characterisation, forestry applications (biomass, allometry,  height…), urban mapping etc…. In order to promote the exploitation of  Polarimetric Spaceborne data, as it is starting today to proliferate with the  launch of these Polarimetric SAR sensors, the PolSARpro Software, developed  under contract to ESA and that is a toolbox for the scientific exploitation of  Polarimetric SAR and Polarimetric-Interferometric data and a tool for high-level  education in radar polarimetry, has been expanded and refined to include all  elements necessary for the demonstration of a number of key applications. The  PolSARpro Software, that already was supporting an important range of airborne  and spaceborne polarimetric data sources, supports now the following additional  data sources: ALOS-PALSAR (Dual-Pol fine mode and Quad-Pol mode), TerraSAR-X  (Dual-pol mode) and Radarsat-2 (Dual-Pol fine mode and Quad-Pol fine and  standard modes), by offering a platform dedicated interface for E.O Scientific  Investigator. A number of illustrations of key applications has been developed  for the demonstration and the promotion of the Polarimetric Spaceborne missions,  that are consistent with the activities incorporated in the GMES Services  Element (GSE). The aim of this communication is to present the current state of  the art in SAR Polarimetry ranging from theory to applications, with special  emphasis in the analysis of data provided by the new Polarimetric Spaceborne SAR  sensors, and samples of real polarimetric data will be presented for use in  real-life examples of key applications

Space-borne polarimetric SAR sensors or the golden age of radar polarimetry