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This study experimentally investigated the deposition patterns of Al 2 O 3 –H 2 O nanofluid droplets with mass concentration of 0.05%, 0.2%, 1% and 3% after evaporating on transparent glass substrate with temperature of 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C, obtaining three typical kinds of patterns: the peripheral ring, the thin uniform layer with a thicker ring at the periphery and the concentric circular respectively. With the increase of concentration, the uniform pattern embedded in the peripheral ring changes into a concentric circular pattern gradually. The flow velocities corresponding to the three typical forces were solved and the results are 10 −3  &lt;  V ma  / V rad    −  a   &lt; 10 −2  and 10 −28  &lt;  V DLVO   + / V rad    −  a   &lt; 10 −5  (Marangoni,  V ma  , the integral mean value of the entire radius  V rad    −  a   and the velocity caused by DLVO force  V DLDO   + ). This indicated that the radial flow played a dominant role in the formation of the deposition pattern.

Nanofluid Al2O3–H2O evaporation: energy and deposition patterns

Nanofluid Al₂O₃–H₂O evaporation: energy and deposition patterns