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The coral reef area at Karimunjawa National Park is decreasing over time. There are two factors causing damage to coral reefs, namely natural factors and anthropogenic factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the anthropogenic threats that cause damage to coral reefs at Karimunjawa National Park and any protection efforts to maintain sustainability. The data of this research were obtained from interviews and literature reviews. The study results show that tourist activities, fishing activities caused damages to coral reefs due to anthropogenic factors and barge rests in conservation areas. Karimunjawa National Park managers carried out law enforcement to protect the coral reefs. Legal enforcement activities are carried out against fishers who are caught using cantrang nets and potassium. Ten fishermen have been convicted of illegal fishing using the types of equipment. Barge activities that damage coral reefs are also subjected to legal action. There are 8 cases of vessel grounding that have been resolved by paying compensation. Law enforcement activities are a form of responsibility for the damage to coral reefs that have been caused. Law enforcement is an effort to protect coral reef ecosystems in addition to socialization and patrolling.

Protection Efforts of Coral Reefs Ecosystem from Anthropogenic Threats at Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia