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From the perspective of economy and comprehensive development level, this study used the gravity model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and principal component analysis to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of multi-centers at county level in Shandong Province. The results show that the economic ties among counties in Shandong Province are getting closer and closer. By 2016, Jinan-Zibo-Qingdao and Jining, Zaozhuang have basically formed three strong economic ties. The amount of counties with high-high GDP and low-low GDP are decreasing, while the amount of counties with lowhigh GDP are increasing. The gap between the density of output value and the level of economic development is narrowing, showing a trend of multicenter development. In the future development, Shandong Province should strengthen the integration of resources within the province, form a reasonable industrial division of labor, strengthen the cooperation among enterprises, promote the regional integration construction, and realize the multi-center spatial development model of cooperation.

Spatio-temporal evolution of economic polycentric pattern at county level in Shandong Province