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Injecting fluid into a porous material can cause deformation of the pore structure. This hydro-mechanically coupled (i.e., poromechanical) phenomenon plays an essential role in many geological and biological operations across a wide range of scales, from geologic carbon storage, enhanced oil recovery and hydraulic fracturing to the transport of fluids through living cells and tissues, and to fuel cells. In this study, we conducted an experimental and numerical investigation of the hydro-mechanical coupling during fluid flows in porous media at the fundamental pore-scale. First, experimental demonstrations were undertaken to ascertain the effect of the hydro-mechanical coupling for two-phase fluid flows in either deformable or non-deformable porous media. Next, a hydro-mechanically coupled pore network model (HM-PNM) was employed to test a various range of influential parameters. The HM-PNM results were consistent with the experimental observations, including the advancing patterns of fluids and the development of the poroelastic deformation, when the viscous drop was incorporated. The hydro-mechanical coupling was observed to reduce the inlet pressure required to maintain a constant flow rate, whereas its effect on the pattern of fluid flow was minimal. The interfacial tension alteration also changed the pressure and deformation. The viscosity of invading fluid showed significant effects on both the patterns of fluid displacement and mechanical deformation.

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Fluid-driven mechanical responses of deformable porous media during two-phase flows: Hele-Shaw experiments and hydro-mechanically coupled pore network modeling