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Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFCs) are an emerging type of renewable energy that generates an electric current through the consumption of rhizodeposits by exoelectrogenic bacteria that lives in the rhizosphere of the plant. Since the plant is not harmed by the energy-harvesting process, PMFC technology has the potential to simultaneously produce food (biomass) and generate electricity. As of now, power densities of PMFCs have remained low and commercialization is not yet possible. To achieve higher power densities, the stacking behaviour of PMFCs needs to be studied. In this study, several cells growing  Ocimum basilicum  (basil) and  Origanum vulgare  (oregano) were constructed and evaluated. Upon stacking, it was shown that the constructed PMFCs did indeed behave like batteries, where the voltage of cells connected in series are additive, and that the voltage of cells connected in parallel are constant. The actual values of voltage of stacked cells are similar to the expected value (α=0.05). Cumulative stacking tests revealed that there is no apparent loss in voltage upon stacking up to 9 cells growing  O. basilicum . Further computation of power and power densities have proven that stacking is a viable method of amplifying electricity generation in PMFCs, as both increased with increasing number of cells connected in series.

Stacking efficiency of terrestrial Plant-Microbial Fuel Cells growing Ocimum basilicum and Origanum vulgare