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A recent proposed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage scheme suggests solid CO 2  hydrate formation at the base of the hydrate stability zone to facilitate safe, long-term storage of anthropogenic CO 2 . These high-density hydrate structures consist of individual CO 2  molecules confined in cages of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Solid-state storage of CO 2  in shallow aquifers can improve the storage capacity greatly compared to supercritical CO 2  stored at greater depths. Moreover, impermeable hydrate layers directly above a liquid CO 2  plume will significantly retain unwanted migration of CO 2  toward the seabed. Thus, a structural trap accompanied by hydrate layers in a zone of favorable kinetics are likely to mitigate the overall risk of CO 2  leakage from the storage site. Geophysical monitoring of the CO 2  storage site includes electrical resistivity measurements that relies on empirical data to obtain saturation values. We have estimated the saturation exponent in Archie’s equation,  n  ≈ 2.1 (harmonic mean) for CO 2  and brine saturated pore network, and for hydrate-bearing seal (SH &lt; 0.4), during the process of storing liquid CO 2  in Bentheimer sandstone core samples. Our findings support efficient trapping of CO 2  by sedimentary hydrate formation and show a robust agreement between saturation values derived from PVT data and from modifying Archie’s equation.

Storing CO2as solid hydrate in shallow aquifers: Electrical resistivity measurements in hydrate-bearing sandstone

Storing CO₂as solid hydrate in shallow aquifers: Electrical resistivity measurements in hydrate-bearing sandstone