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Synthetic fibres may be used to reinforce soils. Fibre reinforcement may, for example, improve the mechanical behaviour of very loose sand which is usually susceptible to static liquefaction. In this study, two types of polypropylene fibres are mixed into sand to explore the effect of fibre reinforcement on drained volumetric behaviour and undrained static liquefaction. Drained and undrained stress-controlled triaxial compression tests are conducted on both unreinforced and fibre reinforced samples which are in very loose states. It is observed that, under drained compression, both unreinforced and fibre reinforced samples show volumetric contraction. In undrained compression the excess pore water pressure eventually becomes almost equal to the initial confining stress in all samples. This represents a state of liquefaction in unreinforced samples, and they become fluidised indicating the effective stress has become zero. However, in reinforced samples, the fluidised condition is absent, indicating that a conventional type of liquefaction has not occurred. It is concluded that static liquefaction in very loose sand can be prevented by fibre reinforcement, as the induced tensile stress in fibres makes the effective stress (that is the stress carried by the soil skeleton) remain above zero even when the excess pore water pressure is equal to the confining stress.

Drained volumetric behaviour and static liquefaction of very loose sand reinforced with synthetic fibres