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Understanding the origin and mechanisms controlling GHGs (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) emission spatially and temporally is critical for evaluating future climate changes. Whether the controls on GHG dynamics in urban ecosystem are similar to those in natural ecosystems are not fully understood. In the current study, the aboveground (cover vegetation + soil) and soil (including autotrophic and heterotrophic) CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes and respective carbon stable isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of respired CO 2 at natural abundance level were simultaneously measured from a re-established grassland in the urban area of central Germany. The static chamber system (combination of transparent and opaque modes) was applied to assess the effects of intensive vegetation growth during two weeks of April 2017. The values of CO 2 fluxes obtained with both transparent and opaque chambers differed significantly due to the combined effects of the incoming photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and temperature on vegetation and belowground processes. The average value of measured CO 2 flux with opaque chambers was 9.14 ± 1.9 (mg m -2 min -1 ) vs. 2.37 ± 0.9 (mg m -2 min -1 ) with transparent chambers for the re-established grassland. In contrast, soil CH 4 , as well as N 2 O fluxes were not different significantly for both opaque-transparent chamber measurements. Current magnitude provides the pattern of the urban ecosystem source/ sinks potential during ambient light conditions.

Characteristics of temporal variability of urban ecosystem-atmosphere CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes

Characteristics of temporal variability of urban ecosystem-atmosphere CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes