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Cet article s'interesse a la mesure et a la cartographie de l'ilot de chaleur urbain (ICU) dans la couche de canopee urbaine au sein de l'aire urbaine de Metz Metropole entre juin et septembre 2019. L'ICU a ete suivi a partir d'un reseau de 23 stations meteorologiques fixes permettant d'observer en continu la temperature de l'air a 3 m du sol. Les sites d'observation ont ete soigneusement selectionnes de facon a etre representatifs de differents types d'environnement (urbain, suburbain et periurbain) et typologies de revetement (surfaces impermeables bitumees, surfaces vegetalisees, etendues d'eau, etc.). L'objectif est d'evaluer les proprietes spatiales et temporelles de l'ICU au cours de cette periode remarquablement chaude, et de determiner son intensite a partir des donnees relevees en continu par le reseau de mesure. La periode d'observation est particulierement interessante dans la mesure ou elle se caracterise par la survenue des deux sequences caniculaires (25-30 juin et 21-26 juillet), offrant la possibilite de mieux comprendre le comportement thermique du tissu urbain et la dynamique de l'ICU local lors d'extremes chauds. Les resultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en evidence un ICU de l'ordre de 3°C en moyenne au sein des zones densement urbanisees, pouvant atteindre 7,1°C en situation caniculaire ce qui est conforme au modele predictif de Oke (1973) fonde sur la relation population-ICU en Europe. Une importante presence de vegetation est toutefois susceptible de reduire son intensite et ses effets contrairement aux etendues d'eau qui, la nuit, ne semblent pas jouer le role de puits de fraicheur. Mots-cles : ICU d'ete, temperature de l'air, canicule, vegetation, Metz Metropole. Abstract This paper focuses on the measurement and mapping of the urban heat island (UHI) in the urban canopy layer within the Metz Metropole urban area between June and September 2019. The UHI was monitored using a network of 23 weather stations allowing continuous observation of the air temperature at 3 m above ground level. These observation sites were carefully selected so as to be representative of different types of environment (urban, suburban and periurban) and pavement typologies (asphalt impermeable surfaces, vegetated surfaces, bodies of water, etc.). The purpose is to evaluate the spatial and temporal properties of the summer UHI during this remarkably hot period, and to determine its intensity from the data continuously collected by the measurement network. The observation period is of particular interest as it is characterized by the occurrence of the two heat wave sequences (June 25th-30th and July 21st-26th), offering the opportunity to better understand the thermal behavior of the urban fabric and the dynamics of the local UHI during hot extremes. The results obtained revealed an UHI of around 3°C on average in densely urbanized areas, reaching 7,1°C in a heat wave situation, which is in line with the predictive model of Oke (1973) based on the population-UHI relationship in Europe. However, a high presence of vegetation is likely to reduce its intensity and effects, unlike bodies of water, which do not seem to act as a cool sink at night.

Mesure et spatialisation de l’îlot de chaleur urbain dans l’aire urbaine de Metz Métropole : premiers résultats de la campagne de mesure 2019