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The objective of the trial was to analyse the effects of the mechanical resistance of cell walls and chewing behaviour on the proportion of intracellular constituents (ICs) released during the ingestive mastication of fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by steers. The mechanical resis- tance of cell walls was varied by the stage of maturity (15 vs. 30 days of regrowth). Herbage was of- fered at two chop lengths (long and short) for each stage of maturity, to influence chewing behaviour. Four steers, each fitted with a large ruminal cannula, were fed indoors with the ryegrass in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Ingested boli were collected at the cardia and their IC contents were compared with the IC contents of the grass. The average shear energy was lower with the young grass because of a lower proportion of stems and pseudostems. The eating time per unit of dry matter intake was unaf- fected by the stage of maturity, but was slightly lower with the short herbages. The nature of the ICs had a strong effect on their release with the larger molecules, or the molecules contained in the chloroplasts, being less rapidly released. The ICs released (as a proportion of intake) ranged from 0.166 for the chlorophyll to 0.612 for the nitrates. The treatments had no effect on the rate of release of the small vacuolar or cytoplasmic ICs. The intracellular nitrogenous fractions, partly in the chloroplast, were released faster in the mature grass, because the animals had to masticate more inten- sively to obtain a 'swallowable'bolus due to it having a higher shear energy. The release of ICs did not seem to be dependent on the duration of chewing but rather on other parameters of mastication like the force exerted by the jaws, the surface-area of the molars, or the quantity of grass eaten per bolus. rumen digestion / water soluble carbohydrates / nitrogenous compounds / mastication / shear strength

animal research

Effects of stage of maturity and chop length on the release of cell contents of fresh ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) during ingestive mastication in steers fed indoors

Effects of stage of maturity and chop length on the release of cell contents of fresh ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during ingestive mastication in steers fed indoors