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According to observations and numerical simulations, the Milky Way couldexhibit several spiral arm modes with multiple pattern speeds, wherein theslower patterns are located at larger Galactocentric distances. Our aim is toquantify the effects of the spiral arms on the azimuthal variations of thechemical abundances for oxygen, iron and for the first time for neutron-captureelements (europium and barium) in the Galactic disc. We assume a model based onmultiple spiral arm modes with different pattern speeds. The resulting modelrepresents an updated version of previous 2D chemical evolution models. Weapply new analytical prescriptions for the spiral arms in a 2D Galactic discchemical evolution model, exploring the possibility that the spiral structureis formed by the overlap of chunks with different pattern speeds and spatialextent. The predicted azimuthal variations in abundance gradients are dependenton the considered chemical element. Elements synthesised on short time scales(i.e., oxygen and europium in this study) exhibit larger abundancefluctuations. In fact, for progenitors with short lifetimes, the chemicalelements restored into the ISM perfectly trace the star formation perturbed bythe passage of the spiral arms. The map of the star formation rate predicted byour chemical evolution model with multiple patterns of spiral arms presentsarcs and arms compatible with those revealed by multiple tracers (young uppermain sequence stars, Cepheids, and distribution of stars with low radialactions). Finally, our model predictions are in good agreement with theazimuthal variations that emerged from the analysis of Gaia DR3 GSP-Spec [M/H]abundance ratios, if at most recent times the pattern speeds match the Galacticrotational curve at all radii.

2D chemical evolution models II. Effects of multiple spiral arm patterns on O, Eu, Fe and Ba abundance gradients