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Solar Orbiter, a mission developed by the European Space Agency, explores insitu plasma across the inner heliosphere while providing remote-sensingobservations of the Sun. Our study examines particle observations for the 30October 2021 shock. The particles provide clear evidence of ion reflection upto several minutes upstream of the shock. Additionally, the magnetic andelectric field observations contain complex electromagnetic structures near theshock, and we aim to investigate how they are connected to ion dynamics. Themain goal of this study is to advance our understanding of the complex couplingbetween particles and the shock structure in high Mach number regimes ofinterplanetary shocks. We used observations of magnetic and electric fields,probe-spacecraft potential, and thermal and energetic particles to characterizethe structure of the shock front and particle dynamics. Furthermore, ionvelocity distribution functions were used to study reflected ions and theircoupling to the shock. To determine shock parameters and study waves, we usedseveral methods, including cold plasma theory, singular-value decomposition,minimum variance analysis, and shock Rankine-Hugoniot relations. To support theanalysis and interpretation of the experimental data, test-particle analysis,and hybrid particle in-cell simulations were used. The ion velocitydistribution functions show clear evidence of particle reflection in the formof backstreaming ions several minutes upstream. The shock structure has complexfeatures at the ramp and whistler precursors. The backstreaming ions may bemodulated by the complex shock structure, and the whistler waves are likelydriven by gyrating ions in the foot. Supra-thermal ions up to 20 keV wereobserved, but shock-accelerated particles with energies above this were not.

Backstreaming ions at a high Mach number interplanetary shock: Solar Orbiter measurements during the nominal mission phase