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The upcoming Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are expected to have thecollecting area required to detect potential biosignature gases such asmolecular oxygen, $\mathrm{O_2}$, in the atmosphere of terrestrial planetsaround nearby stars. One of the most promising detection methods istransmission spectroscopy. To maximize our capability to detect $\mathrm{O_2}$using this method, spectral resolutions $\mathrm{R}\geq 300,000$ are requiredto fully resolve the absorption lines in an Earth-like exoplanet atmosphere anddisentangle the signal from telluric lines. Current high-resolutionspectrographs typically achieve a spectral resolution of$\mathrm{R}\sim100,000$. Increasing the resolution in seeing limitedobservations/instruments requires drastically larger optical components, makingthese instruments even more expensive and hard to fabricate and assemble.Instead, we demonstrate a new approach to high-resolution spectroscopy. Weimplemented an ultra-high spectral resolution booster to be coupled in front ofa high-resolution spectrograph. The instrument is based on a chained FabryPerot array which generates a hyperfine spectral profile. We present on-skytelluric observations with a lab demonstrator. Depending on the configuration,this two-arm prototype reaches a resolution of R=250,000-350,000. Aftercarefully modeling the prototype's behavior, we propose a Fabry PerotInterferometer (FPI) design for an eight-arm array configuration aimed at ELTscapable of exceeding R=300,000. The novel FPI resolution booster can be pluggedin at the front end of an existing R=100,000 spectrograph to overwrite thespectral profile with a higher resolution for exoplanet atmosphere studies.

First on-sky results of a FIOS prototype, a Fabry Perot Based Instrument for Oxygen Searches