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Context. Arrays of radio antennas have proven to be successful inastroparticle physics with the observation of extensive air showers initiatedby high-energy cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere. Accurate determination ofthe energy scale of the primary particles' energies requires an absolutecalibration of the radio antennas for which, in recent years, the utilizationof the Galactic emission as a reference source has emerged as a potentialstandard. Aims. To apply the "Galactic Calibration", a proper estimation of thesystematic uncertainties on the prediction of the Galactic emission from skymodels is necessary, which we aim to determine on a global level as well as forthe specific cases of selected radio arrays. We further aim to quantify theinfluence of the quiet Sun on the Galactic Calibration. Methods. We look atfour different sky models that predict the full-sky Galactic emission in thefrequency range from 30 to 408 MHz and compare them. We make an inventory ofthe reference maps on which they rely and use the output of the models todetermine their global level of agreement. Next, we take the sky exposures andfrequency bands of selected radio arrays into account and repeat the comparisonfor each of them. Finally, we study the relative influence of the Sun in itsquiet state by projecting it onto the sky with brightness data from recentmeasurements. Results. We find systematic uncertainty of 12% on the predictedpower from the Galactic emission, which scales to approximately half of thatvalue as the uncertainty on the determination of the energy of cosmicparticles. When looking at the selected radio arrays, the uncertainty on thepredicted power varies between 10% and 19%. The influence of the quiet Sunturns out to be insignificant at the lowest frequencies but increases to arelative contribution of ~ 20% around 400 MHz.

Uncertainties of the 30-408 MHz Galactic emission as a calibration source for radio detectors in astroparticle physics