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High-resolution spectroscopy studies of ultra-hot Jupiters have been key inour understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. Observing into the atmospheres ofthese giant planets allows for direct constraints on their atmosphericcompositions and dynamics while laying the groundwork for new researchregarding their formation and evolution environments. Two of the mostwell-studied ultra-hot Jupiters are WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with multipledetected chemical species and strong signatures of their atmospheric dynamics.We take a new look at these two exceptional ultra-hot Jupiters by reanalyzingthe transit observations taken with ESPRESSO at the Very Large Telescope andattempt to detect additional species. To extract the planetary spectra of thetwo targets, we corrected for the telluric absorption and removed the stellarspectrum contributions. We then exploited new synthetic templates that werespecifically designed for ultra-hot Jupiters in combination with thecross-correlation technique to unveil species that remained undetected byprevious analyses. We add a novel detection of Ba+ to the known atmosphericcompositions of WASP-76b and WASP-121b, the heaviest species detected to datein any exoplanetary atmosphere, with additional new detections of Co and Sr+and a tentative detection of Ti+ for WASP-121b. We also confirm the presence ofCa+, Cr, Fe, H, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, and V on both WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with theaddition of Ca, Fe+, and Ni for the latter. Finally, we also confirm the clearasymmetric absorption feature of Ca+ on WASP-121b, with an excess absorption atthe bluer wavelengths and an effective planet radius beyond the Roche lobe.This indicates that the signal may arise from the escape of planetaryatmosphere.

Detection of barium in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76b and WASP-121b