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As of October 2021 (Period 108), the European Southern Observatory (ESO)offers a new mode of the ESPRESSO spectrograph designed to use the HighResolution grating with 4x2 binning (spatial by spectral; HR42 mode) with thespecific objective of observing faint targets with a single Unit Telescope atParanal. We validated the new HR42 mode using four hours of on-targetobservations of the quasar J0003-2603, known to host an intervening metal-poorabsorber along the line of sight. The capabilities of the ESPRESSO HR42 mode(resolving power R~137 000) were evaluated by comparing to a UVES spectrum ofthe same target with a similar integration time but lower resolving power (R~48000). For both data sets we tested the ability to decompose the velocityprofile of the intervening absorber using Voigt profile fitting and extractedthe total column densities of CIV, NI, SiII, AlII, FeII, and NiII. With ~3x theresolving power and ~2x lower S/N for a nearly equivalent exposure time, theESPRESSO data is able to just as accurately characterize the individualcomponents of the absorption lines as the comparison UVES data, but has theadded bonus of identifying narrower components not detected by UVES. For UVESto provide similar spectral resolution (R>100 000; 0.3'' slit) and the broadwavelength coverage of ESPRESSO, the Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) supplied byESO estimates 8 hrs of exposure time spread over two settings; requiring doublethe time investment than that of ESPRESSO's HR42 mode whilst not properlysampling the UVES spectral resolution element. Thus ESPRESSO's HR42 mode offersnearly triple the resolving power of UVES (0.8'' slit to match typical ambientconditions at Paranal) and provides more accurate characterization of quasarabsorption features for an equivalent exposure time.

Performance of ESPRESSO's high resolution 4x2 binning for characterizing intervening absorbers towards faint quasars