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The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed toobtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100,000 stars,including large representative samples of the stellar populations in theGalaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. Weprovide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and starclusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. Thisprovides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-rangingdataset that is of value for homogenisation of other and future stellar surveysand Gaia's astrophysical parameters. This article provides an overview of thesurvey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including adescription of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper(arXiv:2206.02901) introduces the survey results. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantifyboth random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus allavailable spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum beinganalysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerableeffort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. Wedescribe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed dataproducts to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. The Gaia-ESO Surveyobtained 202,000 spectra of 115,000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nightsbetween December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. The fullconsistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESOScience Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameterssets following in 2022.

The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products