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M105 is an early-type galaxy in the nearby Leo I group, the closest galaxygroup to contain all galaxy types and therefore an excellent environment toexplore the low-mass end of intra-group light (IGL) assembly. We present a newextended kinematic survey of planetary nebulae (PNe) in M105 and thesurrounding 30'x30' in the Leo I group with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph.We use PNe as kinematic tracers of the diffuse stellar light in the halo andIGL and employ Gaussian mixture models to separate contributions from thecompanion galaxy NGC 3384 and associate PNe with halo and IGL components aroundM105. We present a catalogue of 314 PNe and firmly associate 93 with NGC 3384and 169 with M105. The PNe in M105 are further associated with its halo and thesurrounding exponential envelope. We construct smooth velocity and velocitydispersion fields and calculate projected rotation, velocity dispersion, and$\lambda_R$ profiles for each component. Halo PNe exhibit declining velocitydispersion and rotation profiles, while the velocity dispersion and rotation ofthe exponential envelope increase notably at large radii. We identify threeregimes with distinct kinematics that are linked to distinct stellar populationproperties: (i) the rotating core (within $1~R_\mathrm{eff}$) formed in situand dominated by metal-rich ([M/H]~0) stars likely formed in situ, (ii) thehalo from 1 to $7.5~R_\mathrm{eff}$ consisting of intermediate-metallicitystars ([M/H]>-1), either formed in situ or brought in through major mergers,and (iii) the exponential envelope reaching beyond our farthest data point at16 $R_\mathrm{eff}$, predominately composed of metal-poor ([M/H]<-1) stars. Thehigh velocity dispersion and moderate rotation of the latter are consistentwith that measured for dwarf satellite galaxies in the Leo I group, indicatingthat the exponential envelope traces the transition to the IGL.

astronomy and astrophysics

The halo of M105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula  populations: II. Using kinematics of single stars to unveil the presence of  intragroup light around the Leo I galaxies NGC 3384 and M105