English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Several tentative associations between high-energy neutrinos andastrophysical sources have been recently reported, but a conclusiveidentification of these potential neutrino emitters remains challenging. Weexplore the use of Monte Carlo simulations of source populations to gain deeperinsight into the physical implications of proposed individual source--neutrinoassociations. In particular, we focus on the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056observation. Assuming a null model, we find a 7.6\% chance of mistakenlyidentifying coincidences between $\gamma$-ray flares from blazars and neutrinoalerts in 10-year surveys. We confirm that a blazar--neutrino connection basedon the $\gamma$-ray flux is required to find a low chance coincidenceprobability and, therefore, a significant IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association.We then assume this blazar--neutrino connection for the whole population andfind that the ratio of neutrino to $\gamma$-ray fluxes must be $\lesssim10^{-2}$ in order not to overproduce the total number of neutrino alerts seenby IceCube. For the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association to make sense, we musteither accept this low flux ratio or suppose that only some rare sub-populationof blazars is capable of high-energy neutrino production. For example, if weconsider neutrino production only in blazar flares, we expect the flux ratio ofbetween $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-1}$ to be consistent with a single coincidentobservation of a neutrino alert and flaring $\gamma$-ray blazar. Theseconstraints should be interpreted in the context of the likelihood models usedto find the IC170922A--TXS~0506+056 association, which assumes a fixedpower-law neutrino spectrum of $E^{-2.13}$ for all blazars.

Assessing coincident neutrino detections using population models