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A high spectral resolution investigation of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs)in the near-infrared ($YJ$ band) is conducted to test new methods, to confirmand improve existing parameters, and to search for new DIBs.  Methods: The CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES)on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope was employed toobtain spectra of four reddened background supergiant stars (HD 183143, HD165784, HD 92207, HD 111613) and an unreddened comparison star (HD 87737) atthe highest resolution of $R \approx 1$ currently achievable atnear-infrared wavelengths. The correction for telluric absorption was performedby a modelling approach. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium spectral modellingof available optical and the new near-infrared spectra facilitated acomprehensive characterisation of the atmospheric properties of the backgroundstars. A more precise and accurate determination of the reddening law along thesight lines could be achieved than feasible before by comparison of theobserved and model spectral energy distributions. For DIBs that overlap withstellar lines the DIB profile shapes could be recovered.  Results: Seventeen known near-infrared DIBs were confirmed, and 12 previouslyunknown and generally weaker DIBs were identified in the $YJ$ band. Three DIBsthat show uniform profiles along all sight lines were identified, possiblyconnected to transitions from a common lower state of the same carrier. Thedivergent extinction curve towards the frequently discussed DIB standard starHD 183143 could be reproduced for the first time, requiring extra absorption by$\sim$3.5 mag due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to match theultraviolet extinction bump. This extra absorption probably stems from acircumstellar bubble lying in front of the star which is intersectedtangentially by the line of sight.

astronomy and astrophysics

CRIRES high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of diffuse  interstellar band profiles. Detection of 12 new DIBs in the YJ band and the  introduction of a combined ISM sight line and stellar analysis approach