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Not only do the sampled terrestrial worlds (Earth, Mars, and asteroid 4Vesta) differ in their mass-independent (nucleosynthetic) isotopic compositionsof many elements (e.g. $\varepsilon^{48}$Ca, $\varepsilon^{50}$Ti,$\varepsilon^{54}$Cr, $\varepsilon^{92}$Mo), the magnitudes of some of theseisotopic anomalies also appear to correlate with heliocentric distance. Whilethe isotopic differences between the Earth and Mars may be readily accountedfor by the accretion of mostly local materials in distinct regions of theprotoplanetary disc, it is unclear whether this also applies to asteroid Vesta.Here we analysed the available data from our numerical simulation database todetermine the formation location of Vesta in the framework of threeplanet-formation models: classical, Grand Tack, and Depleted Disc. We find thatVesta has a high probability of forming locally in the asteroid belt in modelswhere material mixing in the inner disc is limited; this limited mixing isimplied by the isotopic differences between the Earth and Mars. Based on ourresults, we propose several criteria to explain the apparent correlationbetween the different nucleosynthetic isotopic compositions of the Earth, Mars,and Vesta: (1) these planetary bodies accreted their building blocks indifferent regions of the disc, (2) the inner disc is characterised by anisotopic gradient, and (3) the isotopic gradient was preserved during theformation of these planetary bodies and was not diluted by material mixing inthe disc (e.g. via giant planet migration).

Evidence of a primordial isotopic gradient in the inner region of the solar protoplanetary disc