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Aims. We aim to investigate how polarimetric observations can improve ourunderstanding of the nature and diversity of M/X-type asteroids. Methods.Polarimetric observations of the selected M/X-type asteroids were carried outat the Tohoku 0.6-m telescope at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii (simultaneouslyin BVR filters), the 2-m telescope of the Bulgarian National AstronomicalObservatory in Rozhen (in R filter), and the 2.15-m telescope of the ComplejoAstron\'omico El Leoncito (CASLEO), Argentina (in V filter). We analysed thepolarimetric characteristics of M/X-type asteroids along with the availabledata obtained by other techniques. Results. New polarimetric observations of 22M/X-type asteroids combined with published observations provide a data set of41 asteroids for which the depth of a negative polarisation branch and/orinversion angle were determined. We found that the depth of the negativepolarisation branch tends to increase with decreasing steepness of thenear-infrared spectra. Asteroids with a deeper negative polarisation branchtend to have a higher radar circular polarisation ratio. We show that, based onthe relationship of the depth of the negative polarisation branch and inversionangle, two main sub-types can be distinguished among M-type asteroids. Wesuggest that these groups may be related to different surface compositionssimilar to (1) irons and stony-irons and (2) enstatite and iron-richcarbonaceous chondrites.

Polarimetry of M-type asteroids in the context of their surface composition