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Several diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) have profiles with resolvedsub-peaks that resemble rotational bands of large molecules. Analysis of theseprofiles can constrain the sizes and geometries of the DIB carriers, especiallyif the profiles exhibit clear variations along lines of sight probing differentphysical conditions. Using the extensive data set from the EDIBLES survey wesearched for systematic variations in the peak-to-peak separation of thesesub-peaks for the $\lambda\lambda$5797, 6379, and 6614 DIBs in lines of sightwith a single dominant interstellar cloud. We used the spectra of twelvesingle-cloud sight lines to measure the peak-to-peak separation in the bandprofile substructures for these DIBs. We adopted the rotational contourformalism to infer the rotational constant for each DIB carrier and therotational excitation temperature in the sight lines. We compared these torotational constants for linear and spherical molecules to estimate the DIBcarrier sizes. All three DIBs have peak separations that vary systematicallybetween lines of sight, indicating correlated changes in the rotationalexcitation temperatures. We derived $B_{6614}$=$(22.2\pm8.9)\times 10^{-3}$cm$^{-1}$, consistent with previous estimates. Assuming a similar rotationaltemperature for the $\lambda$6614 DIB carrier and assuming a linear carrier, wefound B$_{5797}^{\rm linear}=(5.1\pm2.0)\times10^{-3}~{\rm cm}^{-1}$ andB$_{6379}^{\rm linear} =(2.3\pm0.9)\times10^{-3}~{\rm cm}^{-1}$. If thecarriers of those DIBs however are spherical species, their rotationalconstants are half that value, $B_{5797}^{\rm spherical} =(2.6\pm1.0)\times10^{-3}~{\rm cm}^{-1}$ and $B_{6379}^{\rm spherical} =(1.1\pm0.4)\times10^{-3}~{\rm cm}^{-1}$. We estimate molecule sizes that rangefrom 7--9 carbon atoms ($\lambda$6614 carrier, linear) to 77--114 carbon atoms($\lambda$6379, spherical).

astronomy and astrophysics

The EDIBLES survey V: Line profile variations in the  $\lambda\lambda$5797, 6379, and 6614 diffuse interstellar bands as a tool to  constrain carrier sizes