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Phase-resolved spectral and spectropolarimetric X-ray observations ofmagnetars present us with the opportunity to test models of the origin of theX-ray emission from these objects, and to constrain the properties of theneutron star surface and atmosphere. We present a new X-ray fitting model formagnetars that accounts for four different emission models including ablackbody emission model, a magnetized atmosphere model, and fixed-ions andfree-ions surface emission models. We use the new model for a phase resolvedfit of archival XMM-Newton observations of the magnetar 1RXS J170849.0-400910.We find that the fixed-ions condensed surface model gives the best descriptionof the phase-resolved XMM-Newton spectra, followed by the blackbody andfree-ions condensed surface models. The magnetized atmosphere model gives apoor description of the data and seems to be largely excluded. We use the newfitting model to evaluate the scientific potential of futurespectropolarimetric observations of 1RXS J170849.0-400910 with the ImagingX-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) scheduled for launch in December 2021. Oursimulations show that the IXPE observations of sources such as 1RXSJ170849.0-400910 will allow us to cleanly distinguish between high-polarization(blackbody, magnetized atmosphere) and low-polarization (condensed surface)models. If the higher-polarization blackbody or magnetized atmosphere modelsapply, IXPE can easily prove QED effects based on a 200 ksec observation asstudied here. Longer IXPE observation times will be needed for a cleardetection in the case of the lower-polarization condensed surface models.

astronomy and astrophysics

Fitting XMM-Newton Observations of the AXP 1RXS J170849.0-400910 with  four magnetar surface emission models, and predictions for X-ray polarization  observations with IXPE