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The Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) initiative is developing thescience and a technology roadmap for an ambitious space mission featuring aspace-based mid-infrared (MIR) nulling interferometer in order to detect thethermal emission of hundreds of exoplanets and characterize their atmospheres.In order to quantify the science potential of such a mission, in particular inthe context of technical trade-offs, an instrument simulator is required. Inaddition, signal extraction algorithms are needed to verify that exoplanetproperties (e.g., angular separation, spectral flux) contained in simulatedexoplanet datasets can be accurately retrieved. We present LIFEsim, a softwaretool developed for simulating observations of exoplanetary systems with an MIRspace-based nulling interferometer. It includes astrophysical noise sources(i.e., stellar leakage and thermal emission from local zodiacal andexo-zodiacal dust) and offers the flexibility to include instrumental noiseterms in the future. LIFEsim provides an accessible way for predicting theexpected SNR of future observations as a function of various key instrument andtarget parameters. The SNRs of the extracted spectra are photon-noisedominated, as expected from our current simulations. From single epochobservations in our mock survey of small ($R < 1.5 R_\mathrm{Earth}$) planetsorbiting within the habitable zones of their stars, we find that typicaluncertainties in the estimated effective temperature of the exoplanets are$\lesssim$10%, for the exoplanet radius $\lesssim$20%, and for the separationfrom the host star $\lesssim$2%. SNR values obtained in the signal extractionprocess deviate less than 10% from purely photon-counting statistics basedSNRs. (abridged)

astronomy and astrophysics

Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE): II. Signal simulation,  signal extraction and fundamental exoplanet parameters from single epoch  observations